Waste and recycling materials used in concrete

Materials with higher strength and high performanceprovide excellent benefits. But after a very short useful-life become waste and contribute to environmental degradation. Some investigations are focused on recycling by using innovative and clean technologies. In this work, waste and recycled materials as well as gamma radiation are proposed as tools for improving mechanical properties of concrete; polyethylene terephthalate of bottles, automotive tire rubber as well as cellulose of Tetra Pak packages are studied as materials.Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM), Grant 3886/2015F

Effects of diurnal temperature range and drought on wheat yield in Spain

This study aims to provide new insight on the wheat yield historical response to climate processes throughout Spain by using statistical methods. Our data includes observed wheat yield, pseudo-observations E-OBS for the period 1979 to 2014, and outputs of general circulation models in phase 5 of the Coupled Models Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) for the period 1901 to 2099. In investigating the relationship between climate and wheat variability, we have applied the approach known as the partial least-square regression, which captures the relevant climate drivers accounting for variations in wheat yield. We found that drought occurring in autumn and spring and the diurnal range of temperature experienced during the winter are major processes to characterize the wheat yield variability in Spain. These observable climate processes are used for an empirical model that is utilized in assessing the wheat yield trends in Spain under different climate conditions. To isolate the trend within the wheat time series, we implemented the adaptive approach known as Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition. Wheat yields in the twenty-first century are experiencing a downward trend that we claim is a consequence of widespread drought over the Iberian Peninsula and an increase in the diurnal range of temperature. These results are important to inform about the wheat vulnerability in this region to coming changes and to develop adaptation strategies

SEM, AFM and CLSM microscopic techniques as tools for characterization of cellulose, polyaluminum and aluminum recovered from Tetra Pak packaging

In this chapter, the characterization of the morphological features of sub-products of Tetra Pak packaging using SEM, AFM and CLSM microscopic techniques is presented. In a first step, the separation of the components of the Tetra Pak was done using hydropulping mechanical process; the principal obtained products include cellulose, aluminium and polyethylene+aluminum. The last one called Polyaluminum. After this, the morphological analysis was obtained. The results show that such microscopy techniques are adequate for describe the high degree of purity of the components after recycling

Radio 33 comparado con el patrón de oro para diagnóstico de osteoporosis

Introducción: la medición de la densidad mineral ósea en el fémur y columna lumbar es considerada la prueba de oro para el diagnóstico de osteoporosis en mujeres postmenopáusicas, sin tener suficiente evidencia de la utilidad al medir de manera individual o simultanea el radio 33 con este mismo propósito. Metodología Se realizó un estudio de pruebas diagnósticas, valorando concordancia anidada para determinar el valor diagnóstico del radio 33 comparado con los resultados por dual fémur y columna, actualmente patrón de oro el en diagnóstico. Se incluyeron mujeres mayores de 50 años entre el periodo de 2008 y 2011. Resultados Se incluyeron 3241 osteodensitometrias de pacientes femeninas con columna AP, dual fémur, radio ultradistal y radio 33. Tomando como estándar de oro la medición en columna y/o femur, el radio-33 obtuvo una sensibilidad de 95.5% y especificidad de 91% (p= 0,000) para osteoporosis, y una sensibilidad de 76.5% y especificidad de 54.9% p=0,000 para el diagnóstico de osteopenia. El radio 33 permite diagnosticar un 35% adicional de casos que no son captados con la medición en fémur y columna lumbar. Discusión La osteodensitometría en los sitios usados comúnmente, predice únicamente el 40% del riesgo de fractura (1). Si se incluye la medición de radio 33, la sensibilidad de la osteodensitometría sube en un 35.66% adicional, logrando detectar más pacientes con este riesgo y generando un impacto en la oportunidad del tratamiento y quizás reducción en la morbi-mortalidad secundaria a fracturas en esta población susceptible.Introduction The measurement of bone density in lumbar spine and hip is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. No one knows the impact of the simultaneous measurement on radio 33. Methods We performed a diagnostic test study with a nested concordance study to determine the diagnostic value of radius-33 compared to the diagnosis made by gold standar in osteoporosis. We included women over 50 years with menopause in the period between 2008 and 2011. Results A total of 3241 female patients who had a column osteodensitometry AP, dual femur and forearm ultradistal radius and 33 % were included. On the diagnostic gold standard for column and / or hip, radius -33 had a sensitivity of 95.5 % and specificity of 91 % ( p = 0.000) for osteoporosis and a sensitivity of 76.5 % and specificity of 54.9 % p = 0.000 for the diagnosis of osteopenia. The radius 33 diagnosed an additional 35% of cases that were not diagnosed with gold standar tests. Discussion Osteodensitometry commonly used sites predicts only 40 % of the risk of fracture(1) . If we include measuring radius 33 osteodensitometry sensitivity increase an additional 35.66 %, thereby detecting more patients at risk for fracture. Carrying an impact on the timeliness of care and perhaps reducing morbidity and mortality from fractures

Temas selectos en ciencia de materiales i (pdf)

Se presentan una selección de 12 capítulos de diferentes investigadores , los temas de esta obra se encuentran relacionados con polímeros y sus compuestos, nanoestructuras metálicas y óxidos metálicos.El presente libro de investigación tiene como objetivo difundir a la comunidad estudiantil de nivel licenciatura y posgrado, principalmente, algunos temas de actualidad en el campo de Ciencia de Materiales, para motivarla e interesarla en esa área tan importante. Se espera también que el libro sea de utilidad para estudiantes de posgrado en Ciencias e Ingeniería de Materiales o áreas afines

Identification and characterization of a novel cathinone derivative 1-(2,3dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethanone seized by customs in Jersey

A suspicious white powder labeled “idanyl-biphenyl-amninone,” which was seized by customs officials at the "channel island" of Jersey, UK, was brought to our laboratory for identification and characterization of its structure. The elucidation process required the use of several complementary analytical techniques, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The unknown compound was ultimately identified as 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethanone, a novel cathinone derivative. To the best of our knowledge, this compound has not been registered in the CAS or IUPAC databases. However, it has recently been marketed on the Internet as “indapyrophenidone,” and we therefore propose this as the common name of the compound. The results of this study may serve forensic and clinical laboratories in the identification of its related compounds with similar backbone structure using the information reported in this article obtained by the application of advanced analytical techniques. It may also lead to timely and effective response on the part of legislators and law enforcement

COMPLEJO EKO PRODUCTIVO IKU FERRO PUERTO CARREÑO

Las ciudades con el pasar del tiempo han evolucionado y para la ciudad de Tunja no es la excepción, ya que se ha convertido en una ciudad que presta servicios a gran escala como laborales y sobre todo educativos estos servicios ayudan al progreso y economía de la ciudad y por ello el transporte debe estar optimizado a las ciudades y corregimientos que la rodean. El crecimientode Tunja longitudinal se debe a muchos factores geográficos y de interés a la comunidad, por ello algunos sectores se ven afectados como los sectores estudiantiles, comerciales y de servicios esto es debido a la planeación hecha por la entidades gubernamentales. Para lo cual se busca dar una mejor solución de movilidad con la creación de estrategias, que abarcan (la conexión el tiempo, ubicación y principalmente movilidad)

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANINGS OF “POSITIVE SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT” AND “PLACES TO COMMUNICATE WITH GOD”

The spaces that surround and sustain daily life significantly influence people’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving. They also reflect personal and meaningful aspects of their lives. This study was aimed at investigating conceptions regarding spiritual environments and characteristics of places wherein individuals communicate with God or a “higher power”, seeking to find empirical support to the idea of positive spiritual environments (spiritual contexts that, simultaneously, promote human wellbeing and environmental conservation). Ninety-one undergraduate students participated in the study. The network of spiritual environment generated a network size of 137 words with a core of 28 words. The highest semantic weights were produced by peace, God, tranquility, love, faith, church, pray, harmony, beliefs, wellbeing, happiness, and relaxation. Characteristics of the place wherein people communicate with God produced a network size of 104 words and a core of 27 words. The most important of those words were: church, home, calm, room, quiet, school, sacred, natural, alone, street, prayer, and clean. Few words communicating concern for environmentally conservation behaviors were found within the network

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANINGS OF “POSITIVE SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT” AND “PLACES TO COMMUNICATE WITH GOD”

The spaces that surround and sustain daily life significantly influence people’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving. They also reflect personal and meaningful aspects of their lives. This study was aimed at investigating conceptions regarding spiritual environments and characteristics of places wherein individuals communicate with God or a “higher power”, seeking to find empirical support to the idea of positive spiritual environments (spiritual contexts that, simultaneously, promote human wellbeing and environmental conservation). Ninety-one undergraduate students participated in the study. The network of spiritual environment generated a network size of 137 words with a core of 28 words. The highest semantic weights were produced by peace, God, tranquility, love, faith, church, pray, harmony, beliefs, wellbeing, happiness, and relaxation. Characteristics of the place wherein people communicate with God produced a network size of 104 words and a core of 27 words. The most important of those words were: church, home, calm, room, quiet, school, sacred, natural, alone, street, prayer, and clean. Few words communicating concern for environmentally conservation behaviors were found within the network